Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of the Reich, declared before the Reichstag on May 17, 1933: “The German government wishes to discuss all difficult questions with the other nations peacefully and contractually. It knows that any military act in Europe, as measured by its victims, bears no proportion to a possible final gain …” Twelve years later, Europe and the world were facing an enormous expanse of rubble. Over 50 million people had to pay with their lives for the second World War catastrophe in the 20th century. Extraordinary scientific and technological efforts were made in order to perfect the destructive power of the weapons in previously unimagined ways and, in the end, to be positioned at the threshold to nuclear armament.